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[Mandrake]

Hello all,

It's no news that the vast Acacia genus is one of the most interesting tree groups for both gardeners and researchers. There is a world of information to dig about species ID, distribution, ecology and properties, and the fact that Acacia propagation and cultivation is a long term project does not seem to scare STS members away.

This thread is for sharing useful botanical resources covering the Acacia family: online books, reference leaflets, papers and field guides focused on either the whole genus or species in particular.

We'll try to keep a content index in the first post, that hopefully will prove to be useful once the contents grow enough.

So to all Acacia fans, feel free to post and share with us any good resources you know!

Best wishes,

Mandrake

Thread Index

(Reply #, contents)

#1 - World Wide Wattle - Acacia Species Database
#2 - Handbook on Seeds of Dry-Zone Acacias - Online Book (Eng, Esp, Fra)
#4 - The Acacia Tree: A sustainable resource for Africa
#5 - Iconography of Australian Acacias
#8 - The genus Acacia as invader: the characteristic case of Acacia dealbata Link in Europe

4 Likes AcaciaAve, LIBERTYNY, Vazkh and OfCows like this.

[Mandrake]

World Wide Wattle is a site

to inform, educate and promote the conservation, utilisation and enjoyment of Australian Acacia species (wattles), many of which are grown worldwide.

Their WWW Species Gallery is a quite exhaustive database to find basic information about Acacia spp. generally including taxonomy and distribution notes, images and links to other resources. Some species have very little information, but many entries have useful bits, including nice photos and diagrams for identification. I'm leaving attached three little morphology diagrams to illustrate the contents you can find in the database. It's a nice place to start.

Best wishes,

Mandrake

2 Likes fairdinkumseeds and LIBERTYNY like this.

[Mandrake]

This is an excellent book available online in the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the UN, written by J.C. Doran, J.W. Turnbull,
D.J. Boland and B.V. Gunn from the Division of Forest Research in the australian CSIRO.

Handbook on Seeds of Dry-Zone Acacias (English, Spanish, French)

The contents are totally indexed, which make it very easy to browse for specific chapters, and include Taxonomy, Economy, Biology, Seed Collection, Storage and Germination.

I'm copying here the Table of Contents of the book, so you can see at a quick glance the information you will find inside.

1.   INTRODUCTION

2.   HABIT, TAXONOMY, OCCURRENCE AND ECOLOGY

 2.1   Habit
 2.2   An introduction to Acacia taxonomy for seed collectors

  2.21   Classification - past to present
  2.22   Botanical keys to acacias
  2.23   Morphology of some acacia plant organs

   2.231   Leaves and phyllodes
   2.232   Spines and prickles
   2.233   Flowers
   2.234   Inflorescences
   2.235   Pods
   2.236   Seeds

 2.3   Occurrence

  2.31   World distribution
  2.32   Origin of acacias

 2.4   Ecology

3.   REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY

 3.1   Seed development - from the ovule to mature seed

  3.11   Floral development and sexuality
  3.12   Pollination
  3.13   Breeding system
  3.14   Hybridization
  3.15   Seed and fruit development

 3.2   Phenology of flowering and fruiting
 3.3   Seed productivity
 3.4   Predation of the pod and seed

4.   SEED COLLECTION

 4.1   The importance of provenance
 4.2   Forward planning

  4.21   Survey of information on species
  4.22   Field reconnaissance
  4.23   Timing of seed collection
  4.24   Sampling methods

   4.241   Sampling methods for species introduction trials
   4.242   Sampling methods for provenance trials
 
    4.2421   Selection of provenances
    4.2422   Selection of individual trees within a provenance
 
   4.243   Seed quantities
   4.244   Retaining seedlot identity by individual trees

  4.25   Statement of objectives
  4.26   Selection of staff and training
  4.27   Planning the collection of field data, security and labelling
  4.28   Planning the itinerary
  4.29   Assembling the equipment and documentation

 4.3   Collecting methods and equipment

  4.31   Collecting seed from natural seed fall
  4.32   Collecting seed from standing trees

   4.321   Collecting in the crown
   4.322   Collecting from the ground

  4.33   Collecting seed from felled trees

 4.4   Bagging and labelling of pods

 4.5   Transport to the seed extraction plant or storage point

5.   SEED EXTRACTION AND CLEANING

 5.1   Precleaning

 5.2   Drying

  5.21   Natural drying
  5.22   Artificial drying

 5.3   Extraction

  5.31   Manual threshing
  5.32   Mechanical threshing

   5.321   The resilient tapered thresher - hand type model
   5.322   Rotating drum
   5.323   CSIRO 15 cm flailing thresher
   5.324   Other types of thresher
 
 5.4   Cleaning

  5.41   Sieving
  5.42   Winnowing
   
   5.421   Kurt Pelz Saatmeister Mark 2
   5.422   South Dakota Blower

 5.5   Flotation

 5.6   Removal of the funicle

6.   STORAGE

 6.1   Longevity
 6.2   Treating seed before storage
 6.3   Containers for storage
 6.4   Seed store records

7.   TREATMENTS TO PROMOTE SEED GERMINATION

 7.1   Water treatment

  7.11   Cold or warm water
  7.12   Boiling water
  7.13   Hot water
  7.14   Discussion

 7.2   Acid scarification
 
  7.21   Discussion

 7.3   Other wet treatments

 7.4   Physical scarification

  7.41   Manual scarification
  7.42   Mechanical scarification
  7.43   Discussion

 7.5   Other dry treatments

  7.51   Dry heat
  7.52   Microwave energy

 7.6   Variation in response to pretreatment

 7.7   Storage of pretreated seeds

8.   REFERENCES

 Appendices
  1.   Tree species of high priority for non-industrial uses as assessed by the FAO Panel of Experts on Forest Gene Resources in 1977.
  2.   Notes on the main characteristics of the six acacia species of special interest
  3.   Example of ‘Seed Collection Report’ sheet
  4.   Equipment that may be needed for seed collection
  5.   The seed store record system of the CSIRO Tree Seed Centre, 1965–1981
  6.   Glossary

1 Like AcaciaAve likes this.

[phylla]

Acacias of Australia vol.1 and 2 by Marion Simmons are both great resources for identification..

1 Like Mandrake likes this.

[isaak]

I'd like to share a resource on African acacias (six species are covered in particular: A. erioloba, A. nilotica, A. karroo, A. tortilis, A. senegal, and Faidherbia albida):

The acacia tree: a sustainable resource for Africa - http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/pdf/outputs/forestry/zf0173_-_acacia_book.pdf

The booklet represents the work of research teams from several UK institutions, in close collaboration with researchers in Africa, who have studied the genetics, biology, ecology and economic market potential of six priority Acacia species. Information regarding these species is presented from a developmental perspective which seeks to offer insights into how acacias can be of benefit to rural African populations.

I have not yet had an opportunity to read through it completely but it seems to offer an excellent understanding of the ways in which acacias can benefit human populations while improving ecosystem complexity and health.

I follow Mandrake in copying the Table of Contents below.

Section One: Background

Acacias in Africa 1
Problems facing the rural poor in Africa 4
The potential of acacia trees in Africa 5

Section Two: Research findings and recommendations

Understanding public opinion 9
Gathering genetic and plant data 9
Assessing species performance and breeding potential 10
Identifying how acacia fallows can improve soil fertility 20
Identifying how acacias can provide dry season fodder 21
Identifying how acacias can generate cash income 23
Identifying how to calculate and enhance tree growth 25

Section Three: Impact of the research

Informing the scientific community 27
Informing smallholder farmers and development workers 28
Stimulating agricultural change 30

References 33

Appendix

Forestry Research Programme projects on African acacias 35

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[AcaciaAve]

Iconography of Australian Acacias attached.

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[cloud]

Thanks Mandrake ,

I think this a fantastic idea... although I do have few concerns, i'm not sure if they will be entirely applicable given the make-up of this site. There are sure to some members here (specifically Acacia enthusiasts) who have browsed through the Acacia information threads at the nexus.. and could possibly agree that although an extensive reference, the organisation of the material does pose some difficulties.. I'm not saying that this thread could develop along the same lines, it is just a concern about format.. especially since the information on Acacia's is vast.

That being said, I'm all for equity, making information on Acacia's available.

This reference is the most extensive reference I have come across regarding African Acacia species:

Ross, J.H. 1979 A conspectus of the African Acacia species. (No. 44)

I am in the process of obtaining an electronic copy, if anyone is interested just send me a pm.

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[ashiata]

The genus Acacia as invader: the characteristic case of Acacia dealbata Link in Europe
Lorenzo et al 2010

http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/88/35/84/PDF/hal-00883584.pdf

Not sure if this has been posted before but its  very interesting paper that describes a few different Acacias that are in Europe, and also talks about what mechanisms the Acacias use to control population of other plants around and spread successfully, etc.

1 Like Mandrake likes this.

[Mandrake]

Thank you all for your contributions, I have updated the first post with the linked/attached resources.

I do have few concerns, i'm not sure if they will be entirely applicable given the make-up of this site. There are sure to some members here (specifically Acacia enthusiasts) who have browsed through the Acacia information threads at the nexus.. and could possibly agree that although an extensive reference, the organisation of the material does pose some difficulties.. I'm not saying that this thread could develop along the same lines, it is just a concern about format.. especially since the information on Acacia's is vast. [/b]

First, I wish some day we'd be anywhere close to the wealth of information available in that Nexus thread... The idea behind this modest one is to add full external resources, either linked or attached when possible, rather than the mix of pictures/reports/resources you can find in nen's thread. He did an excellent organization job in spite of the vast amount of information, but it's true that searching it without a smart use of the forum search function can be a little overwhelming.

In STS I'd like to have specific species information in individual threads (for instance like mindbody's Acacia Confusa Data Sheet) and use this Global Data Thread for more generic resources, that by definition cannot be indexed with full detail further than providing an orientative table of contents.

Hopefully this will be enough for the time being, and if/when there is a better way to organize available data, we can figure out a way of restructuring info together.

Suggestions are, as always, more than welcome.

Kind regards,

Mandrake

[Seed Collector]

https://www.dmt-nexus.me/users/cosmicspore/Acacia.zip

3 Likes Mandrake, LIBERTYNY and mj like this.

[cloud]

Thanks for sharing that zipped folder Seed Collector ...

Attached

This paper provides a general overview of the phytochemistry of the genus Acacia ..

Seigler, D.S. 2003. Phytochemistry of Acacia - sensu lato. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31: 845-873.

... and these two monographs are fantastic resources.

Barnes, R. D., D. L. Filer, and S. J. Milton. Acacia karroo: monograph and annotated bibliography. No. 32. Oxford Forestry Institute, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, 1996.

Barnes, R. D., & Fagg, C. W. 2003. Faidherbia albida monograph and annotated bibliography.



Edit: I've been having trouble up-loading the monographs.. I will give it another shot

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[AcaciaAve]

Here is a list of the Acacias you will find in California
...it's an extensive search...
 
...more will be added when more is known...
photos:
1. Acacia Baileyana 'Purpurea'
2. Acacia Pravissima
3. Acacia Dealbata
4. Acacia Baileyana 'Purpurea'
5. Acacia Dealbata
6. Acacia Dealbata
7. Acacia Boormanii
8. Acacia Baileyana 'Purpurea'
9. Acacia Baileyana 'Purpurea'
10. Acacia Dealbata


...maybe this list can encourage more sustainable approaches to more deeply build a strong love and connection with the wonders of the Acacia genus  ...not all high alkaloid bearing plants are in South America or Australia. We cultivate these outside of their native region all over the world.
How is it people still manage to disrupt native stands?....
And some Acacias have tasty seeds and other fantastic medicines to share.

 

Acacia Acinacea(Coastal-Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Acuminata(Coastal-Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Adunca(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Albida(San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Aneura(Central Valley-Desert)*Ornamental and naturalized in some desert regions
Acacia Angustissima(Southern)*Native/Naturalized closer to Mexico
Acacia Aphylla(Coastal-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Arabica(Vachellia Nilotica) (Uncommon in Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental/Economic crop
Acacia Aureocrinita(Coastal Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Auriculiformis(Coastal)*Ornamental/Potentially invasive along the southern coast
Acacia Baileyana(All over CA)*Ornamental
Acacia Baileyana ‘Purpurea’(All over CA) *Ornamental
Acacia Bakeri(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Barringtonensis(Central valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Beckleri(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Berlandieri(Central Valley-Naturalized in some areas of southern CA)
Acacia Boormanii(All over Central-Inland CA)*Ornamental
Acacia Brandegeana(Native to San Diego-Baja)
Acacia Burkittii(Coastal-Central Valley-Southern)
Acacia Caffra(Central Valley-Southern)*common ornamental at zoos
Acacia Calamifolia(Oxnard-San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Cardiophylla(Coastal-Central Valley-Southern)
Acacia Caven(Coastal-Central Valley-Southern)
Acacia Chinchillensis(Oxnard-San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Cognata(Common ornamental in many parts of CA)
Acacia Cognata ‘Cousin Itt’(Common ornamental in CA)*Ornamental
Acacia Collinsii(San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Confusa(Oakland/Bay)*Ornamental
Acacia Conniana(Central Valley-San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Constricta(Native/Naturalized in certain areas in the Southern portion of CA)
Acacia Convenyi(Common ornamental ranging from the Bay to LA)*Ornamental
Acacia Coriaceae(Central Valley-Coast/Oxnard-San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Cornigera(San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Cowleana(Coastal Oxnard/Ventura through San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Craspedocarpa(Central Valley-Davis-Oakland-Fresno-Santa Cruz-LA-San Diego)*ornamental
Acacia Cultriformis(Common ornamental from Coastal regions-central valley-southern)*ornamental
Acacia Cyclops(invasive)(Santa Barbara-Santa Cruz-San Jose-San Diego)
Acacia Dealbata(Invasive along coast. Common ornamental in Central Valley-Southern)
Acacia Decurrens(Invasive in coastal areas and commonly planted in most of CA up to Southern OR)
Acacia Denticulosa(Central-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Drepanolobium(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Dunnii(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Elata(Coastal Ventura-San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Erioloba(San Diego)*Ornamental usually found at zoos
Acacia Farinosa(Central-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Farnesiana(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental and naturalized in some southern parts
Acacia Farnesiana cv. Sierra Sweet(Central valley-southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Fimbriata(Central Valley-Coastal-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Floribunda(Central Valley-Coastal-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Genistifolia(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Glaucoptera(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Graffiana(Uncommon. San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Greggii(Native/Naturalized in southern desert portions)
Acacia Harveyi(Central Valley-Ventura-LA-San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Hemeteles(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Hilliana(Coastal-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Holosericea(Coastal-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Howittii(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Hubbardiana(Coastal-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Implexa(Central Valley-coastal-Southern as a street tree)*Ornamental
Acacia Iteaphylla(Central Valley-Ventura-San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Jacunda(Davis-Oakland-San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Karroo(Central Valley-San Diego)*Ornamental with potential to be invasive
Acacia Kempeana(Central valley-southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Koa(Uncommon. Along southern coastal regions)
Acacia Latifolia(Ventura-San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Ligulata(Ventura/Oxnard-San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Linifolia(Ventura-San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Longifolia(Central Valley-Coast-LA-San Diego)*Common ornamental
Acacia Longifolia subsp. Sophorae(Central Valley-Bay-Coast-LA-San Diego)*Ornamental with alkaloids
Acacia Mabellae(Ventura-San Diego)*Ornamental
Acacia Macradenia(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Mangium(Coast-southern)*potentially invasive
Acacia Melanoxylon(Bay-Central Valley-LA-San Diego)*Common ornamental and invasive along coast
Acacia Merinthophora(Southern Coast)*Ornamental
Acacia Mollifolia(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Montana(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Myrtifolia(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Nigrescens(Southern)*Ornamental at zoos
Acacia Notabilis(Central valley-coast-southern)*Ornamental
Acacia O’Shanesii(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Obliquinervia(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Oswaldii(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Pallens(South)
Acacia Paradoxa (invasive)(Coastal)
Acacia Pendula(Central valley-Southern-Coastal)*Ornamental
Acacia Peninsularis(Southern)*Native
Acacia Podalyriifolia(Central valley-coast-southern)*Common ornamental
Acacia Pravissima(Central valley-coast-southern-some areas more north)*Common ornamental
Acacia Pycnantha(Southern-Coastal)*Ornamental
Acacia Redolens(Most commonly spread Acacia in CA)
Acacia Redolens cv. Desert Carpet
Acacia Riceana(Central Valley-Coastal-Southern and upwards towards Southern OR)*Ornamental
Acacia Rigidula(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental and native/naturalized in some southern areas
Acacia Rubida(Central Valley-Coastal-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Saliciformis(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Saligna(Central valley-Coastal-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Salicina(Central valley-coastal-southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Schaffneri(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental and native/naturalized in southern tip
Acacia Sclerosperma(Central Valley-Southern)*Uncommon ornamental
Acacia Semilunata(Southern)*Uncommon ornamental
Acacia Senegal(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Seyal(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Sieberiana var. Woodii(Central Valley-Coast-Southern)*Ornamental at zoos
Acacia Smallii(Central Valley-Coast-Southern)*Ornamental and native/naturalized in south
Acacia Spectabilis(Central Valley-Coast-South)*Ornamental
Acacia Steedmanii(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Stenophylla(Central Valley-Southern)*Common ornamental
Acacia Subcaerulea(Southern)*Uncommon ornamental
Acacia Terminalis(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Tetragonophylla(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Trinervata(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Triptera(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Tysonii(Central Valley-South)*Ornamental
Acacia Verniciflua(Central Valley-South)*Ornamental)
Acacia Verticilliata(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Vestita(Central Valley-Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Victoriae(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Viscidula(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Warramaba(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Willhelmiana(Southern)*Ornamental
Acacia Xanthophloea(Common at zoos in Southern CA)*Ornamental




Invasive:
Acacia Cyclops
Acacia Dealbata
Acacia Decurrens
Acacia Melanoxylon
Acacia Paradoxa
Acacia Redolens

Native/Naturalized:
Acacia Angustissima
Acacia Brandegeana
Acacia Constricta
Acacia Greggii
Acacia Peninsularis
Acacia Pacensis(un-common)

2 Likes fairdinkumseeds and LIBERTYNY like this.

[AcaciaAve]

California Acacias...
Information on their historical and ethnobotanical significance...
Enjoy 


Acacia Aneura-Mulga

Flowers - cooked. Rich in pollen, they are often used in fritters. The bark exudes an edible gum. Some species produce a gum that is dark and is liable to be astringent and distasteful, but others produce a light gum and this is sweet and pleasant. It can be sucked like candy or soaked in water to make a jelly. The gum can be warmed when it becomes soft and chewable.

Seed - cooked. It is dried, ground into flour and used with cereals in making cakes etc. Acacia seeds are highly nutritious and contain approx 26% protein, 26% available carbohydrate, 32% fiber and 9% fat. The fat content is higher than most legumes with the aril providing the bulk of fatty acids present. These fatty acids are largely unsaturated which is a distinct health advantage although it presents storage problems as such fats readily oxidize. The mean total carbohydrate content of 55.8 + 13.7% is lower than that of lentils, but higher than that of soybeans while the mean fiber content of 32.3 + 14.3% is higher than that of other legumes such as lentils with a level of 11.7%. The energy content is high in all species tested, averaging 1480+270 kJ per 100g. Wattle seeds are low glycaemic index foods. The starch is digested and absorbed very slowly, producing a small, but sustained rise in blood glucose and so delaying the onset of exhaustion in prolonged exercise. A sweet red or white 'lerp' that forms on the leaves and branches is eaten. Lerp is a protective shield secreted from the anus of sap-sucking insects. The taste is sweet and it was used as a staple food by the indigenous Australians in some areas of Australia. It is not clear if the lerp is eaten when the insects are still present or if it can be eaten after they have gone. A large succulent gall, known as 'mulga apple' is produced by the tree and is said to quench the thirst.

Acacia Aneura is also known to be used in Pituri:

Pituri is mixed with ash as the nicotine is liberated from the acids through the action of the alkaloids present in the ash. The ash promotes the rapid absorption of the nicotine into the bloodstream through the thin tissues of the lips and mouth and probably through the skin behind the ear (Latz, 1995). There are certain species that are used to manufacture the ash within the pituri. These include: Acacia aneura, A.calcicola, A.coriacea, A.eutrophiolata, A.ligulata, A.pruinocarpa, A.beauverdiana (refer to acacias), [Acacia salicina],Casuarina decaisneana, Eucalyptus coolabah, Grevillea stenobotrya, G.striata, Senna artemisioides helmsii, Ventilago viminalis, Hakea sp..

Source:

http://www.pfaf.org/user/DatabaseSearhResult.aspx
http://eol.org/pages/13650/details
http://www.entheology.org/edoto/anmviewer.asp?a=47
http://www.diamantina-tour.com.au/outback_info/land_sys/mulga/mulga_shrubland.html
https://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/interns-2010/acacia-aneura.html
http://worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/utilisation/aboriginal.php
https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23472


Acacia Coriacea-Wiry Wattle/Leather Leaf/Desert Oak

Seed - cooked. Sweet and nutritious. The seed contains about 20% protein. The seed ranges from 4 - 10mm long and 4 - 6mm wide. Acacia seeds are highly nutritious and contain approx 26% protein, 26% available carbohydrate, 32% fiber and 9% fat. The fat content is higher than most legumes with the aril providing the bulk of fatty acids present. These fatty acids are largely unsaturated which is a distinct health advantage although it presents storage problems as such fats readily oxidize. The mean total carbohydrate content of 55.8 + 13.7% is lower than that of lentils, but higher than that of soybeans while the mean fiber content of 32.3 + 14.3% is higher than that of other legumes such as lentils with a level of 11.7%. The energy content is high in all species tested, averaging 1480+270 kJ per 100g. Wattle seeds are low glycaemic index foods. The starch is digested and absorbed very slowly, producing a small, but sustained rise in blood glucose and so delaying the onset of exhaustion in prolonged exercise. Flowers - cooked. Rich in pollen, they are often used in fritters.

Seed (Fresh weight)   
•   0 Calories per 100g
•   Water : 0%
•   Protein: 20g; Fat: 0g; Carbohydrate: 0g; Fiber: 0g; Ash: 0g;
•   Minerals - Calcium: 0mg; Phosphorus: 0mg; Iron: 0mg; Magnesium: 0mg; Sodium: 0mg; Potassium: 0mg; Zinc: 0mg;
•   Vitamins - A: 0mg; Thiamine (B1): 0mg; Riboflavin (B2): 0mg; Niacin: 0mg; B6: 0mg; C: 0mg;

A yellow dye is obtained from the flowers. A green dye is obtained from the seed pods. The extensive root system of this plant helps to prevent soil erosion. The wood has been used for making small tools and implements.

Acacia Coriacea is used in Pituri.

There are three subspecies.
Acacia coriacea subsp. coriacea
Acacia coriacea subsp. pendens
Acacia coriacea subsp. sericophylla


http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Acacia+coriacea
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_coriacea
http://www.fao.org/Ag/agp/agpc/doc/gbase/data/Pf000107.HTM
http://www.aridzonetrees.com/assets/accor05.pdf
http://www.entheology.org/edoto/anmviewer.asp?a=47


Acacia Cultriformis-Knife Leaf Wattle

Flowers - cooked. Rich in pollen, they are often used in fritters.
Yellow dye is extracted from the flowers and green dye is extracted from the seed pods.


http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Acacia+cultriformis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_cultriformis
http://homeguides.sfgate.com/grow-care-knife-acacia-92523.html
http://www.australianplants.com/plants.aspx?id=1135
http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/080c0106-040c-4508-8300-0b0a06060e01/media/html/Acacia_cultriformis.htm
https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23472&p=4


Acacia Dealbata-Silver  wattle

USDA hardiness zone : 7-10

There are two subspecies
•   A. dealbata dealbata. Low to moderate altitudes. Tree to 30 m; leaves mostly 5–12 cm long.
•   A. dealbata subalpina. High altitudes in the Snowy Mountains. Shrub to 5 m (rarely 10 m) tall; leaves mostly 1.5–8.5 cm long.

Flowers - cooked. Rich in pollen, they are often used in fritters. A gum that exudes naturally from the trunk is edible and is used as a substitute for Gum Arabic. It is very soluble in water and viscous, but is of low quality. Larger quantities can be obtained by tapping the trunk. Some species produce a gum that is dark and is liable to be astringent and distasteful, but others produce a light gum and this is sweet and pleasant. It can be sucked like candy or soaked in water to make a jelly. The gum can be warmed when it becomes soft and chewable.
A yellow dye is obtained from the flowers. A green dye is obtained from the seed pods. The extensive root system of this plant helps to prevent soil erosion. Tannin is obtained from the bark. On a 10% moisture basis, the bark contains 19.1% tannin.

http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Acacia+dealbata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_dealbata
http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/2499/#b
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/howtogrow/3346137/Mimosa-How-to-grow.html
http://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/080c0106-040c-4508-8300-0b0a06060e01/media/html/Acacia_dealbata_subsp._dealbata.htm
https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23472
https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23472&p=19
http://eol.org/pages/13650/details
http://worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/utilisation/aboriginal.php


Acacia Decurrens-Green Wattle

Flowers - cooked. Rich in pollen, they are often used in fritters. A gum that exudes naturally from the trunk is edible and is used as a substitute for Gum Arabic in making jellies etc. It is insoluble in water and is of low quality. Larger quantities can be obtained by tapping the trunk. Some species produce a gum that is dark and is liable to be astringent and distasteful, but others produce a light gum and this is sweet and pleasant. It can be sucked like candy or soaked in water to make a jelly.  The gum can be warmed when it becomes soft and chewable.
The bark is astringent. It should be stored for 12 months before being used. Its main use is in the treatment of diarrhea.
A yellow dye is obtained from the flowers. A green dye is obtained from the seed pods. The extensive root system of this plant helps to prevent soil erosion. Often grown as a screen in Australia. The bark contains about 40% tannin. On a 10% moisture basis, the bark contains 36.6% tannin.

http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Acacia+decurrens
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_decurrens
http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ACDE
http://worldwidewattle.com/infogallery/utilisation/acaciasearch/pdf/decurrens.pdf
http://www.anbg.gov.au/acacia/species/A-decurrens.html
http://www.cactusstore.com/category_26/TREESHRUB-SEEDS-A-to-Z.htm
https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23472
http://eol.org/pages/13650/details


Acacia Farnesiana- Sweet Acacia, Perfume Acacia, Huisache

The seeds, containing an unnamed alkaloid, are used to kill rabid dogs in Brazil.
A low-quality gum obtained from the plant is used to prepare sweets.
The concentration of tannin in the seed pods is about 23%.
The leaves are used as a tamarind flavoring for chutneys and the pods are roasted to be used in sweet and sour dishes.
The flowers are processed through distillation to produce a perfume called Cassie. It is widely used in the perfume industry in Europe. Flowers of the plant provide the perfume essence from which the biologically important sesquiterpenoid farnesol is named.
Scented ointments from Cassie are made in India.
The seeds of A. Farnesiana are not toxic to humans and are a valuable food source for people throughout the plant's range. The ripe seeds are put through a press to make oil for cooking. Nonetheless, an anecdotal report has been made that in Brazil some people use the seeds of Acacia Farnesiana to eliminate rabid dogs. This is attributed to an unnamed toxic alkaloid.
The foliage is a significant source of forage in much of its range, with a protein content around 18%
The bark is used for its tannin content. Highly tannic barks are common in general to acacias, extracts of many being are used in medicine for this reason.
A black pigment is extracted from the bark and fruit
The bark and the flowers are the parts of the tree most used in traditional medicine. A. farnesiana has been used in Colombia to treat malaria, and the extract from the tree bark and leaves has shown some efficacy against the malarial pathogen Plasmodium falciparum in animal models .  Indigenous Australians have used the roots and bark of the tree to treat diarrhea and diseases of the skin.  The tree's leaves can also be rubbed on the skin to treat skin diseases.
The bark is astringent and demulcent. Along with the leaves and roots it is used for medicinal purposes. Colombians bathe in the bark decoction as a treatment for typhoid. The gummy roots have been chewed as a treatment for sore throat. A decoction of the gum from the trunk has been used in the treatment of diarrhea. An infusion of the flowers has been used as a stomachic. It is also used in the treatment of dyspepsia and neuroses. The flowers are added to ointment, which is rubbed on the forehead to treat headaches. The powdered dried leaves have been applied externally as a treatment for wounds. The green pods have been decocted and used in the treatment of dysentery and inflammations of the skin and raucous membranes. An infusion of the pod has been used in the treatment of sore throats, diarrhea, leucorrhoea, conjunctivitis, and uterorrhagia. The juice of the bark is used in Nepal to treat swellings.

An essential oil called Cassie is distilled from the flowers. Cassie absolute is employed in preparation of violet bouquets and is extensively used in European perfumery. Cassie pomades are manufactured in Uttar Pradesh and the Punjab. A deliciously scented essential oil, it has a fragrance of violets. A mature plant 10 years old can yield 9 kg of flowers each year. In a suitable climate, the trees begin to flower from their third year. The perfume is extracted from the flowers in form of concrete or pomade. Macerated flowers are placed in melted purified natural fat and allowed to stand for several hours. They are then replaced by fresh flowers and the process repeated until the fat is saturated with perfume. The fat is then melted, strained and cooled. This constitutes the pomade. Odor is that of violets but more intense. Absolute is prepared by mixing pomade with alcohol (2 - 3 kg to about 4 liters) and allowed to stand for 3 - 4 weeks at about -5°C. The alcohol is then separated and distilled over. The extract obtained is an olive-green liquid with strong odor of Cassie flowers. Mature trees can yield about 1 kilo of flowers per year. The bark and the fruit are a source of tannin and used in making dyes and inks. The seedpods contain about 23% tannin. The bark, in combination with iron ores and salts, is used as a black dyestuff. A gummy substance obtained from the young pods is used to mend pottery. Mucilage can be manufactured from the gummy sap. A gum exuding from trunk is considered to be superior to gum arabic in arts. The woody branches are used in India as tooth brushes. In suitable climates the plant is grown as a hedge. The trees have also been used for erosion control in sandy soils.
Wood - heavy, hard, durable in the soil, close-grained. Used for fencing posts, agricultural implements, pegs, woodenware etc.

http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Acacia+farnesiana
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vachellia_farnesiana
http://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=VAFA
https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Acacia_farnesiana.html
https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=520056
https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23472
https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=267683&#post267683


Seed and Nursery Suppliers:

http://www.rareflora.com/acaciafarsmal.htm
http://www.moonvalleynurseries.com/trees/desert_trees/sweet_acacia
http://www.evergreennursery.com/acacia-decurrens
http://www.arthurleej.com/p-o-m-July05.html
http://www.australianplants.com/plants.aspx?id=1014
http://www.treeland.com/plant-catalog-alphabetical
http://www.zanthorrea.com/plants.php
http://www.australianplants.com/plants.aspx?id=1135
http://www.moonvalleynurseries.com/trees/desert_trees/mulga_acacia
https://www.villagenurseries.com/product/httpswhl3-wpengine-comproductacacia-aneura-mulga-acacia-2/
http://www.nindethana.net.au/

1 Like mj likes this.

[AcaciaAve]

Acacia Saligna-Blue Stemmed Wattle/Orange Wattle

USDA hardiness zone : 7-10

Flowers - cooked. Rich in pollen, they are often used in fritters. The damaged bark exudes copious amounts of a very acidic gum that seems to show promise for use in pickles and other acidic foodstuffs.
Acacia Saligna is used in Pituri.
A yellow dye is obtained from the flowers. A green dye is obtained from the seed pods. On a 10% moisture basis, the bark contains 21.5% tannin. A fast growing plant, it is used for reclaiming eroded hillsides and wastelands and for stabilizing drift sands as well as for fuel. This is one of the best woody species for binding moving sand. It is useful for windbreaks, amenity plantings, beautification projects, and roadside stabilization in semiarid regions.



https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&t=23472
http://eol.org/pages/13650/details
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_saligna
http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Acacia+saligna




Acacia Nilotica-Egyptian Thorn

Uses:

Leaf-Chemopreventive, antimutagenic, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, astringent, anti-microbial activity. Tender leaves are used to treat diarrhea…aphrodisiac, dressing of ulcers, anti-inflammatory, and alzheimer’s disease.
Gum-Astringent, emollient, liver tonic, anti-pyretic and anti-asthmatic.
Stem bark-Anti-bacterial, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic. Cytotoxic bark is used as astringent, acrid cooling, styptic, emollient, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, diuretic, expectorant, emetic, nutritive, in hemorrhage, wound ulcers, leprosy, leucoderma, small pox, skin diseases, biliousness, burning sensation, toothache,  dysentery and seminal weakness. The trunk bark is used for cold, bronchitis, diarrhea, dysentery, biliousness, bleeding piles and leucoderma.

Seeds-Spasmogenic activity and antiplasmodial activity.

Pods-Anti-hypertensive and antispasmodic, anti-diarrheal, astringent, anti-fertility and against HIV-1 PR, Inhibited HIV-1 induced cythopathogenicity, anti-platelet aggregatory activity and antioxidant.

Various Acacia species have been reported to be effective against a variety of disease including malaria, leprosy and most concerning cancer. The fresh plant parts of different Acacia species are considered as astringent, spasmolytic, demulcent, anthelmintic and abortifacient in Indian traditional medicine system. Currently, numerous herbal products derived from Acacia species are available in market. In present exploration, a total of five species of genus Acacia including: Acacia nilotica ssp. indica (Benth.) A. F. Hill, Acacia tortilis (Forsk.) Hayne, Acacia senegal (L.) Willd., Acacia catechu (L.)Willd, Acacia jacquemontii Benth were undertaken for preliminary ethnomedicinal and antimicrobial screening. Subsequently, the two most active species: A. catechu and A. nilotica were further considered for detail pharmacognostical studies. During antimicrobial screening experiments, A. catechu and A. nilotica exhibited highest activity against three bacterial (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi) and two fungal strain (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). The pharmacognostical study revealed that both species (A. catechu and A. nilotica) can be distinguished on the basis of their macroscopic, microscopic and phytochemical characters. Different plant parts (bark and pods) of both species were found to contain various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vachellia_nilotica
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264972487_PHYTOCHEMICAL_ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL_REVIEW_OF_ACACIA_NILOTICA_DESI_KIKAR_AND_TAXO-PHARMACOLOGY_OF_GENUS_ACACIA
https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=337453&#post337453
https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=398912&#post398912
http://idl-bnc.idrc.ca/dspace/bitstream/10625/23463/1/112414.pdf
https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=424663&#post424663


Photos:
Acacia Rubidia
Raising a blunt to the sky
A California Sun graces its gentle body...

1 Like Plantyman8 likes this.

[ahmed-soliman]

Dear colleagues of Acacia, I am in great need for the following publication (if available in digital format):
Ross, J. H. (1979)
A conspectus of the African Acacia species
Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa; 44.

Can any one help? You can contact me at my email: