working with this in the lab right now... i'm not supportive of GMO's, but its something that needs to be understood today with the prevalence in culture... hopefully by understanding more how its being done, i can figure out how to convince people to not do it...
anyway.. what were doing is using a bacteria species Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which basically does a natural GMO thing where it inserts some of its DNA sequence into a host plants DNA. this bacterial DNA codes for a gall production, like a tumor, it programs the host plant to build it home and feed it. So then were using this bacterial "technology", but the gall-inducing DNA sequence has been replaced with a GFP (green fluorescent protein) producing sequence, and were using the bacteria to GMO test plants. So, in a nutshell, we've GMO'd a bacteria to GMO the plant for us, to make it glow, to observe "viral tracking", how the pathogen/effectors/GMO effect spreads throughout plant tissue.
as i said, im not supportive of man-made gmo, although i find this bacterial gmo function thing really interesting, as well as things like viral mutations. i think we can give a lil more attention to selective breeding of both plants and their microbial associations. you can breed generations of microbes in perti dishes very rapidly, where it takes seasons, years to breed plants. i cant think of the term right now, cross-tolerance resistance?
there was a thing when westerners started exploring deeper into papau new guinea, and they found some folks were afflicted by some virus, and others by malaria. well they dropped off a bunch of immunizations for the first virus and dosed everyone, and they all were resistant to the first virus, but then everyone started dying of malaria. what they didnt realize is while there were folks dying from both diseases before western contact, those that were silent carriers for the first virus were resistant to the malaria virus. when they gave the immunizations to everyone with the different strain of virus A, they did not develop the same resistance to malaria, and so much more of the population suffered from malaria as a result. my point is, gmos are largely used to increase yields and to increase resistance to pathogens... well really its to increase tolerance of pesticides.. technology is advancing, but in general, the effects of these gmos are short lived, pathogens evolve to beat them fast, while we disrupt the natural evolution of the plants we are trying to strengthen. this is just my disorganized hypothesis, and maybe folks somewhere are way ahead of me in their research, but if we can utilize naturally occurring mechanics to induce genetic mutations, by mass/rapid breeding of microbe species with these qualities, then inoculate plants with the microbe cultures, cultivate symbiosis, these will provide for more well-rounded mutations that are longer lasting, and which continue to evolve.
you could easily do what i first mentioned in a kitchen, if you want to purchase pure culture samples and genes or w/e. the application is easy and not sterile. for extracting DNA, you'll need a centrifuge, and some chemicals you can probably buy online.